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Efficient utilization of wind power: Long-distance transmission or local consumption?

Yuanzhang SUN, Xiyuan MA, Jian XU, Yi BAO, Siyang LIAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第12卷第3期页码 440-455 doi: 10.1007/s11465-017-0440-3

摘要：

Excess wind power produced in wind-intensive areas is normally delivered to remote load centers via long-distance transmission lines. This paper presents a comparison between long-distance transmission, which has gained popularity, and local energy consumption, in which a fraction of the generated wind power can be locally consumed by energy-intensive industries. First, the challenges and solutions to the long-distance transmission and local consumption of wind power are presented. Then, the two approaches to the utilization of wind power are compared in terms of system security, reliability, cost, and capability to utilize wind energy. Finally, the economic feasibility and technical feasibility of the local consumption of wind power are demonstrated by a large and isolated industrial power system, or supermicrogrid, in China. The coal-fired generators together with the short-term interruptible electrolytic aluminum load in the supermicrogrid are able to compensate for the intermittency of wind power. In the long term, the transfer of high-energy-consumption industries to wind-rich areas and their local consumption of the available wind power are beneficial.

关键词： wind power long-distance transmission local consumption supermicrogrid

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论减灾系统的远程公平化

姚清林

《中国工程科学》 2009年第11卷第6期页码 153-158

摘要：

远程公平化是偏向于远程的公平，旨在寻求系统整体的优化。在一定的约束条件下，通过域的分隔、变形，中心的定位与相应的远程运作机制，可消减不利因素对系统的干扰，扩大结构瓶颈，调优技术性弱点、难点、远点、易忽视点的指标期望与实现值，抑小扬大，隐近就远，弥补系统缺陷，或于不完备的条件下构建完备系统，保障全局利益与远效，推进减灾管理的科学化，改善各个方面的减灾工作。

关键词：远程公平化减灾管理地震

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A 14-year measurement of toxic elements in atmospheric particulates in Hong Kong from 1995 to 2008

Wei NIE,Tao WANG,Aijun DING,Xuehua ZHOU,Wenxing WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第4期页码 553-560 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0523-2

摘要： Toxic elements in the atmosphere can enter and accumulate in the human body, seriously impacting human health. In this study, we analyzed a 14-year (1995–2008) measurement of three toxic elements (As, Cd and Cr) in PM in Hong Kong, China. The pollution of these toxic elements in Hong Kong was not serious. The trend analysis showed that As and Cr in PM increased at a statistically significant level ( <0.05) during the 14-year period, while the Cd in PM did not change significantly. Typical seasonal variations were observed for all three toxic elements, largely in relation to the Asian monsoon. Hourly 10-day backward trajectories were computed and categorised into four groups. The continental air masses showed much higher concentrations of the three toxic elements than the marine air masses. The abundances of As and Cd in the PM were much higher in the continental air masses than those in the marine air masses, while the abundances of Cr showed an opposite pattern. The trends of the three toxic elements in East China’s air mass were consistent with those in the overall data set of Hong Kong. Examination of the toxic element data recorded at urban sites and a roadside site also indicated a large contribution of external air masses to particulate As and Cd in Hong Kong. These results suggest that the long-range transport from the mainland of China is the dominant contributor to particulate As and Cd, while both local and long-distance sources determine the particulate Cr in Hong Kong.

关键词： toxic elements increasing trends seasonal variations air masses long-distance sources

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复杂长距离输水系统仿真优化研究

钟登华,刘建民,熊开智

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第10期页码 60-63

摘要：

将自优化模拟模型应用于长距离输水系统优化调度研究中，以数字仿真模型为基础，增加在线控制优化环节，根据仿真模型的输出反馈不断优化系统输入，实现系统仿真过程的自适应优化。并以MATLAB软件作为系统仿真平台，成功地实现了实例工程的仿真优化过程，为复杂长距离输水系统优化调度研究开辟了一条新途径。

关键词：输水系统仿真优化自优化响应曲面法

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基于BP神经网络的工程图形数据远程安全快速传输法

秦威,秦书玉

《中国工程科学》 2007年第9卷第1期页码 49-52

摘要：

在数字化制造中，企业内部及企业之间可以通过Internet实现在不同时空坐标上进行短时间工程图形信息交流，这种传输工程图形信息的方式，既节省了人力、物力、财力，也使得数据的获取最大程度上减少了错误和冗余。根据图形的几何元素相关性的特征，建立参数结构，采用人工神经网络BP算法同时进行数据编码压缩和数据加密，实现复杂工程图形数据的远程高效安全传输。实例表明，此方法可用于实际工程。

关键词：神经网络 BP算法相关性加密快速传输图形数据

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盾构隧道长距离独头掘进的控制测量技术

许维青,韩福忠

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第12期页码 56-58

摘要：

北京地下直径线盾构独头掘进距离达5.2 km，因此隧道贯通精度控制难度大。通过测量精度分析，单纯通过导线测量已不能满足设计规定的贯通限差要求，施工中通过导线直接传递定向、洞内加测陀螺边、地上地下控制网紧密联系等辅助方法，提高了贯通横向误差的精度，达到了预期效果。

关键词：盾构长距离独头掘进控制测量

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电解水制氢技术研究进展与发展建议

俞红梅,邵志刚,侯明,衣宝廉,段方维,杨滢璇

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第2期页码 146-152 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.02.020

摘要：

随着日益增长的低碳减排需求，氢的绿色制取技术受到广泛重视，利用可再生能源进行电解水制氢是目前众多氢气来源方案中碳排放最低的工艺。本文梳理了氢能需求和规划的进展、电解水制氢的示范项目情况，重点分析了电解水制氢技术，涵盖技术分类、碱水制氢应用、质子交换膜（PEM）电解水制氢。研究认为，提升电催化剂活性、提高膜电极中催化剂的利用率、改善双极板表面处理工艺、优化电解槽结构，有助于提高 PEM 电解槽的性能并降低设备成本； PEM 电解水制氢技术的运行电流密度高、能耗低、产氢压力高，适应可再生能源发电的波动性特征、易于与可再生能源消纳相结合，是电解水制氢的适宜方案。结合氢储运与电解制氢的技术特征研判、我国输氢需求，提出发展建议：利用西北、西南、东北等区域丰富的可再生能源，通过电解水制氢产生高压氢；氢送入天然气管网，然后在用氢端从天然气管道取气、重整制氢，由此构成绿色制氢与长距离输送的系统解决方案。

关键词：电解水制氢可再生能源质子交换膜电解水制氢绿氢长距离输送

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020344

摘要：

Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River basin has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency of and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the Yangtze River basin and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition / ecological impacts / nitrogen sources / nutrients / Yangtze delta

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Improved directional-distance filter

JIN Lianghai, LI Dehua

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第2期页码 205-211 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0025-2

摘要： This paper proposes a new spatial-distance weighting function. By combining the weighting function and the traditional directional-distance filter (DDF) in a novel way, a new vector filter - the adaptive distance-weighted directional-distance filter (ADWDDF) - is presented. The experimental results show that the proposed solution provides better filtering performance and preserves better image chromaticity and edge or detail information compared with the traditional DDF and some other typical vector filters.

关键词： information distance-weighted directional-distance ADWDDF traditional DDF spatial-distance weighting

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CONCENTRATIONS AND FLUXES OF DISSOLVED NUTRIENTS IN THE YANGTZE RIVER: LONG-TERM TRENDS AND ECOLOGICAL

Yandan FU, Jiahui KANG, Ziyue LI, Xuejun LIU, Wen XU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 559-567 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020344

摘要： Intensifying human activity in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) has substantially increased nutrient concentrations in the Yangtze River Estuary, leading to degradation of the coastal environment. Analysis of nutrient determinations published over the past 50 years reveals a gradual decreasing trend in the concentrations and fluxes of dissolved silicate (DSi). However, both dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) concentrations have increased significantly since the 1970s. The frequency and area covered by red tide outbreaks have increased greatly during this period, mainly due to changes in nutrient supply ratios [i.e., N/P (DIN/DIP), N/Si (DIN/DSi), P/Si (DIP/DSi)]. A strong correlation was found between the riverine DIN fluxes and the estimated DIN inputs from the major N sources, particularly fertilizers and atmospheric deposition. The data provide a comprehensive assessment of nutrients in the YRB and their ecological impacts and indicate a potentially significant influence of atmospheric deposition on DIN loadings and fluxes.

关键词： atmospheric deposition ecological impacts nitrogen sources nutrients Yangtze River Delta

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Application and evaluation of optical distance measurements in geometrical quality testing of microgears

Albert ALBERS, Duotai PAN, Leif MARXEN, Claudia BECKE,

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第5卷第3期页码 261-269 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0100-3

摘要： Microgears are increasingly important in industry. Compared to normal gears, the quality assurance of microgears needs more accurately measured data and simple but feasible measurement methods because of their dimension particula

关键词： microgear optical distance measurement profile deviation CWL sensor micromechanical technology (MMT)

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基于仿真的长距离引水隧洞施工全过程进度实时控制与可视化分析研究

胡连兴,佟大威,焦凯

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第12期页码 97-102

摘要：

长距离引水隧洞常具有埋深大、洞线长、洞径大和工程地质条件极其复杂等特点，各工序工程量大，相互间影响巨大，因此，在实际施工过程中内外环境和约束条件可能发生变化，使原定的施工进度计划与实际施工进程不可避免地产生偏差。如果这种偏差不及时纠正，将会越来越大，以致原计划进度起不到指导实际施工的作用。文章利用计算机仿真技术、控制论思想和虚拟现实技术，提出了基于仿真的长距离引水隧洞施工全过程进度实时控制与可视化分析方法，对施工进度的实时控制提供了可行性研究和科学依据。

关键词：长距离引水隧洞施工进度实时控制可视化仿真

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New method of fault diagnosis of rotating machinery based on distance of information entropy

Houjun SU, Tielin SHI, Fei CHEN, Shuhong HUANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第2期页码 249-253 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0124-3

摘要：

This paper introduces the basic conception of information fusion and some fusion diagnosis methods commonly used nowadays in rotating machinery. From the thought of the information fusion, a new quantitative feature index monitoring and diagnosing the vibration fault of rotating machinery, which is called distance of information entropy, is put forward on the basis of the singular spectrum entropy in time domain, power spectrum entropy in frequency domain, wavelet energy spectrum entropy, and wavelet space feature entropy in time-frequency domain. The mathematic deduction suggests that the conception of distance of information entropy is accordant with the maximum subordination principle in the fuzzy theory. Through calculation it has been proved that this method can effectively distinguish different fault types. Then, the accuracy of rotor fault diagnosis can be improved through the curve chart of the distance of information entropy at multi-speed.

关键词： rotating machinery information fusion fault diagnosis Information entropy distance of the information entropy